Electricity

         Electricity follows the law of electric charges that states: Like charges repel and opposite charges attract. The force between charged objects is an electric force.


The strength of Electric force is affected by two factors:
* The amount of charge on each object, the greater its charge, the greater the electric force is.
* The distance between the charges; the closer they are, the greater the electric force.
        
        Charged things are affected by electric force because charged things have an electric field. An electric field is the region around a charged object in which an electric force is exerted on another charged object.


Charging an object can be done through:
* Friction- when an object is "wiped" or "rubbed" from an object onto another.
* Conduction- when electrons move from one object to another by direct contact.
* Induction- when charges in uncharged metal object are rearranged without direct contact with a charged object.


      When you charge an object by any method, no charges are created nor destroyed. The number of protons and electrons stay the same. Electrons simply move from one atom to another, and it then creates difference of charge.This is then the conservation of charge.

      
 An electrical conductor is a material in which charges move easily. While an electrical insulator is a material in which charges cannot move easily. 


Static electricity is the electric charge that is stored. When charged objects find a way to release the energy, this then is called electric discharge. An example of electric discharge is lightning. 
    
  An electric current is the rate at which electricity flows at a given point to another. Two types of electric current are: alternating current (it flows in one direction then flows in the opposite direction, thus flows in two directions) and direct current (flows in on direction only). While voltage is the potential difference in electrical charge between two points in an electric field. The opposition to the flow of the current is called resistance. The relationship between voltage, current and resistance is shown by the Ohm's Law.

The formulas of Ohm's Law are:

* VOLTAGE = CURRENT x RESISTANCE
   V= I x R


*CURRENT = VOLTAGE/RESISTANCE
    I= V/R


* RESISTANCE = VOLTAGE/CURRENT
    R=V/I


Electric circuits 
   There are two types of circuits. The Parallel Circuit- the same voltage is applied to the components in a parallel circuit. The second one is Series Circuit- the current in the series passes through all the components in the circuit, therefore the components in the circuit carry the same current.